Born June 25, 1907
1996/24 Tape - Side A October 9, 1996
I was small and the Germans - there were colonels - I was told "meine kleine" . I will always remember those words, they wanted to say "you're my little baby." I was 11 years.
Oh I remember that this colonel was always home to watch what you eat. Here was the command, and then what happened? I was furbacchiotto! We had the hen house, and went to take the eggs away. He has noticed this and put our guard. There was a hive, and to escape the guard poked the beehive. Ai! Ay, Ay! ouch! I still remember the call, I will never forget.
D. Ma era buono nel complesso o cattivo, questo colonnello?
R. No, buono.
I tedeschi sono stati qua, faccia conto ... erano qua arrivati nel mese di ottobre, si era scappati tutti, noi.
Quando siamo tornati era tutto per aria la casa.
Sono arrivati verso novembre, dicembre ... il comando; poi giugno, e poi ci fu la rivoluzione nel momento che stava per finire.
Il colonnello era austriaco.
Dopo portavano qua dei prigionieri che facevano pietà. Li mettevano là e avevano fatto un gabinetto, con un legno, così. Povera gente!
C'erano anche gli ungheresi, qua, oltre che gli austriaci, tanto è vero che quando si andava in piazza - c'era una guardia in piazza - e noi bambini in fondo alla piazza [si gridava] «gheneraleu!» , generale! e si vedevano tutti quanti questi soldati muoversi, mettersi in ordine, e dopo vedevano che non era vero niente. Li prendevamo in giro. Bambini!
Per il mangiare ci si arrangiava: polenta, il mangiare friulano. Quando si faceva la polenta c'era tutto.
[...]
La casa era di nostra proprietà, ed eravamo in sessanta di noi, in quella casa, with three women. My mom has had twenty-two children, my aunt who was married twenty-three, eighteen other aunt, and another aunt, my father's sister, winds too.
We had a nice barn with cows, but there they had taken away and we stayed two to three cows in twenty cows that we had before. The barn was full, full. The barn that you see now is the same as it was then.
I was ten years behind me I still had four sisters and before me there were three others. [...] We worked fifty fields, three fields each account and make a hectare. It was a family that was fine.
We did two three hundred hectoliters of wine, or refosco or verduzzo or American.
Then he was also corn, but this time the fields are not rendered as now when they did a ton at the camp was so. Wheat were made five or six pounds.
That time was so, today the trend has changed. Today there are thirty pounds. It has changed, with the issue of fertilizers, all there. [... ]
Tape 1996/24 - Side B
D. Before the arrival of the Germans were the Italians who fled, saw them run away, you, the Italians?
R. Non posso ricordarmi quello, mi ricordo dei tedeschi perché dopo, quando si era bambini, si era anche "arruolati". Si faceva una finta guerra, sì. Ci si addestrava alla guerra. Si giocava nei boschi, si tirava. Scherzavamo: si metteva le cartucce e con un chiodo così partivano. Cartucce ce n'erano dappertutto. C'erano tante di quelle munizioni da fare spavento e chi le voleva le prendeva su, le altre restavano là.
In quell'appezzamento là, mi ricordo che hanno seppellito non so quante casse di bombe. Non so se le hanno levate, dopo, quello non lo so, ma io ho visto metterle giù, far le buche e metter le bombe sotto. S'intende dopo, after the war.
There was plenty of ammunition as they did fear, everywhere, all the qualities. There was a dum-dum, dum-dum bullet, the German was the English, all grades of ammunition.
We children went to school and then every Sunday or Saturday we went to war games on the hills, to distract them. No girls, just kids.
D. No child was hurt playing with these cartridges?
R. No, no, no combination.
[We also played with] a wheel on this hill quavvia, called Candi . It was made to jump and we will go above and sent down this wheel we jumped. The wheel was made of iron, that of the bandwagon. Children, children! No one was hurt.
During the war I had the gun taken up with the bayonet and all wood. But ... place the cartridge, press and parts. He pushed the capsule with a Susta [spring] and went away only crash and parts.
escaping past the Italians do not remember.
Eh, who has seen it! At that time it was an avalanche, the retreat. Everyone was looking for alla più stretta di partire; via, avanti.
Perché era qua a Canebola ... non si ha saputo il nome di chi è stato quel soldato, è stato bravissimo. Tre giorni e tre notti con le metraglie continue. Aveva un tre metraglie ... tac, tac... tre giorni e tre notti continuamente a sparare. Finalmente l'hanno accerchiato i tedeschi e allora l'hanno ammazzato. Tutti dovevano dargli una pestata. L'hanno tagliato a forza di pestare, poverino, non si ha mai saputo chi era.
D. Chi ha detto che l'hanno tagliato?
R. Eh, orco can , sicuro. Quelli di Canebola non sapevano che era un italiano? Lui ha tenuto tre giorni indietro i tedeschi.
Vede lassù la vallata? Si va giù dopo, ed è una strada che arriva in ca' della Jugoslavia. Passavano su, e lui con le mitraglie li ha tenuti indietro per tre giorni.
Lui meritava la medaglia d'oro, quel soldato là; non si è saputo chi fosse.
Noi quando passavano gli italiani in fuga si correva a guardare e basta. Eh, si capisce che si vedevano. Tutti partiti, alla svelta, più che potevano.
Durante l'anno dell'invasione là era il comando, throughout the period that I was, then they started to go: remain here until they began to retreat.
There were prisoners who had to work, and I told him: "Run, run! that the war is over. Escape, you have no fear, the war is over. "They were always afraid, you know, prisoners ... but I told him: "Run away, now that the war is over, run."
I do not know where they went to work. They came to pick them up with the carts, with horses, there were not many trucks that time.
Here there have always been soldiers, since we came back after deserting until it's over.
rest of us had escaped and we came back after an eight to ten days.
We were in San Daniele, and we returned it, where you had to go? There were a whole mess in the streets, no one passed. We had tried to escape, he was left with the cows, with a full of clothes and all, but then, where to go? We came to St. Daniel and stepped back.
Up to S. Daniele whole confusion. Who went, who was. Children, old people, priests, everybody. There was also a priest who had been together.
Together, with the wagon and cows and so on, come on.
arrived in San Daniele went to a family, we were staying and we were there two or three days and then divided again at home. The family name was Giuliani. There was a priest in the family who was then chaplain to shut up.
And there sleeping on the floor, they gave us a piece of polenta and on like this, good. They were very generous, very generous they were.
After we came here, returned, and we found the house in total disarray. Sheets on the ground, horses that have stepped into the kitchen - because the kitchen was great - [leaving] all a dunghill. The sheets were used for horses, throw litter subtype.
Eh, it was a disaster. The wine we have taken away almost everything.
Eh, it was a disaster. The wine we have taken away almost everything.
Then you had to deliver. Give a lot of stuff ... in the stable, oo-op! in the cellar, oo-op!
They paid? Yes, his gun!
We had to make do good. [Have taken] misery and suffering, when there was not there. We, too, that we were a family that was well, it was hard.
My father, the family, had a few little '... but we ate it all. Italian had money, but in times of war [has spent all] to buy food. You had to pay dearly.
D. Venivano anche profughi da fuori, dal Piave?
R. Oh, non lo so io. Si giocava, si era bambini ... ma noi non abbiamo visto profughi provenienti da altre zone, dal Piave.
Mio padre era a casa con noi, non era andato militare perché erano esonerati quelli che avevano quattro figli e mio padre ne aveva sei.
Mio padre era del 1874 e si chiamava Antonio. La mamma si chiamava Zane Maria, del 1878.
Io ho 89 anni e ho lavorato fino adesso sulle viti. Non posso star fermo, mai.
[...]
Adesso non faccio niente perché son vecchio. I look a little 'kitchen garden, a bit' of everything. Before I was a farmer, also worked on the campaign. I liked having the campaign. I had passion. But it is ungrateful, it is ungrateful! Today we have with that system of government, we have on the industry, with manure, and the products down. This is the truth.
My daughter who works twelve camps had 185 tons of durum wheat. Pay the expenses have remained there for two million. Durum Wheat: 30,000 lire per quintal. 185 tons on four acres. He did a fine product, but the manure and "hop" ... a sixty tons. [!] The money is all gone in the "salt", plus the cost of herbicide. In short, I stayed about two million of the net, they last three. I said, "is not to put anything." Then she decided to make wood in the forest. Make them work and all that [...].
I have a chance, because I have not any pain.
I do not smoke, I quit, I'm 22 years who do not smoke.
wine, one glass per meal, and that's it, what do you sell, you give away. Grappa, nothing, and in a month I drank half a glass, and yes I'd like, but I will not find alcohol, I feel it immediately to the liver.
I eat everything, everything to me! I eat everything just that is cooked, because I have teeth. Any stuff. Beans, potatoes, pumpkins, not because I'm allergic to dairy cheese.
Since childhood, when they gave me cheese or milk always reduce them.
meat, to say the truth, I'm also sick of meat. I eat a bit 'of salami, two, three slices of salami. Now, for tonight, 2:00 to 3:00 I made tomato, a leg of radicchio, a glass of wine, two to three slices of salami and stop.
D. Returning to the First World War comes to mind some other episode?
R. Eh! more tanto ... quello che sapevo l'ho detto.
[...]
Perché i tedeschi [...] bisogna provarli, bisogna provare i tedeschi cosa sono. Sono duri.
Io sono stato un anno con gli americani, viva la loro faccia! E con gli inglesi, niente.
Gli americani ci hanno trattati non da vinti, da signori. Perché un maresciallo ci diceva: «State là, dentro nella cucina, mangiate e bevete e non fatevi vedere».
Il primo dell'anno del 1945, ho mangiato di colazione una gallina.
Natale del '44 il maresciallo ci ha portato una marmitta così, piena of turkeys. We were at Caserta, the Royal Palace and later gave us a bottle of cognac, because he saw that it worked well. It was clean, helping to cook, to prepare. We were unarmed, he was like now. By now they had won. It was the prisoners, but prisoners so to speak, he had friends, like brothers, we ate together. It was there, we went to get some 'of vegetables and if the share with their oil, and then he brought two bottles of wine and they came to eat with us. [...]
My wife is still young, he's only 80 years, and in 58 years of married life has lost only one virtue, not his fault, that is to not be able to have more children. I say to modern women: not 22 kids, like my mother, but not one or none like them. I had four children.
I have two doctors: one is in pediatrics, who is retired, and a is in Verona, Malcesine anesthetist, nurse more.
I have always worked to help educate, because my father sent me to school and cried because I did not go to school.
I did not like studying, I liked more work, more animals, I had passion. But the ingratitude that is come now I can not say. Even with the wine, so many taxes, many bills. But what you want, I'm the government. Let us live, we do the best we can freely non con questi sistemi qua. Siete voi che ostacolate il commercio. Siete voi che ostacolate tutti. È vero o non è vero? Parliamo onestamente e correttamente, che io son chiaro con le parole, non ho paura di dirle a loro!
Io se fossi capo del governo, sa cosa farei? Tutti li prendo. Tu sei avvocato, e anche il medico: la ricevuta!
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